Medical Suction Units — Equipment for Operating Theatres and Wards

A surgical suction unit removes blood and other body fluids from wounds and body cavities. It is used for suction during and after surgery. Drainage equipment is selected according to the specifications required for the task.

Characteristics of medical suction units

Medical surgical suction units can broadly be divided into two categories:

• stationary units;
• portable units.

Portable models are generally lightweight and compact; some have wheels. This category may also include larger, relatively heavy models mounted on wheels. These mobile units can be moved around a healthcare facility. Stationary units have no wheels and usually remain in one place. They are used in operating theatres for specific tasks.

Manually operated mechanical suction devices are now uncommon in healthcare facilities. Most units use an electric pump and connect to the mains supply. Battery-powered models offer greater flexibility.

Other characteristics to consider when choosing a suction unit include:

• Noise level. The device should not disturb patients’ sleep. Suction equipment in an operating theatre should also run quietly.
• Collection canister capacity. The volume should be sufficient to avoid frequent canister changes.
• Battery operating time. A higher battery capacity generally allows the unit to run for longer without being plugged in. If the equipment will be used in the field, battery capacity is particularly important.
• Suction performance. A unit with greater capacity can remove body fluids more quickly. Its suction output should be adjustable.

Other important technical specifications include the maximum vacuum level and the operating duty cycle. The range over which the maximum vacuum can be adjusted is especially important in certain applications. For example, specialist clinics using suction equipment for liposuction pay particular attention to this specification.

Functional features

Modern surgical suction units offer a range of accessories and functions. Useful features include:

• Overflow protection valves. These help prevent collected body fluids from overflowing the canisters.
• An audible full-canister alarm. This alerts staff when the canisters are full.
• Antibacterial filters. These help reduce the risk of contamination and infection. Their effectiveness depends on correct use, maintenance and replacement.
• Foot pedals. Staff can operate the unit without touching the controls by hand. This feature is especially useful in operating theatres.

Some models include further useful functions developed by manufacturers in consultation with healthcare professionals. Suction equipment continues to evolve as new features are introduced.

Source: Original Russian article